Elara guides

Pre-eclampsia: the signs worth knowing

A serious condition that's very manageable when caught early.

Pre-eclampsia is one of the few pregnancy complications worth learning the warning signs for by heart. It affects a small number of pregnancies, usually after 20 weeks, and it's very treatable when caught early — but it can become serious if missed. Knowing what to watch for isn't about anxiety; it's about catching it in time.

What it is

Pre-eclampsia is a problem with the placenta that shows up as high blood pressure plus signs that other organs (often the kidneys) are under strain. That's why every antenatal visit checks your blood pressure and your urine — they're screening for it before you'd ever feel it.

Call your provider the same day if you notice

• A bad headache that doesn't ease with paracetamol.
• Vision changes — blurring, flashing lights or spots.
• Pain just below your ribs, usually on the right.
• Sudden swelling of the face, hands or feet.
• Feeling suddenly very unwell, or a lot of vomiting in late pregnancy.

Who's more at risk

Risk is higher with a first pregnancy, a previous history of pre-eclampsia, existing high blood pressure, diabetes or kidney disease, carrying twins, or being over 40. If you have risk factors, your provider may suggest a low-dose aspirin from early in the second trimester — this is well-evidenced and reduces the chance of developing it.

What happens if you have it

Mild cases are monitored closely with more frequent checks. More significant cases may need medication to control blood pressure and, ultimately, the only cure is the birth of the baby — so timing of delivery is balanced carefully. It can also appear in the days after birth, so keep watching for the signs postpartum.

This is the one list to take seriously: any of the warning signs above, or a reading you've been told is high, means contact your maternity team right away — don't wait for your next appointment.